Driving and braking device, or releasing device, for photographic shutters.



Patented 0011.21, 1913.

2 SHEBTSSHEBT 1.

4 511mm 7 M/ Z/W.

G. WEBER. DRIVING AND BRAKING DEVICE, 0B RELEASING DEVICE, FOR PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTERS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 30, 1912.

O. WEBER. DRIVING-AND BRAKING DEVICE, OR RELEASING DEVICE, FOR PHOTOGRAPHIO SHUTTERS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 30, 1912.

Patented Oct. 21, 1913.

2 SHEETSSH BBT 2.

Jawwwloz:

rllxwxx .1..

wlhmam:

To alt whom 2'1! may concern for Photographic Shutters, of which the fol- CARL WEBER, or snnnm-wrpmnnsnonr, J'GEBMANY.

DRIVING AND BRAKING DEVICE,

, snorrnns.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

OR- BELEASING nnvrcn, ronrnotroennrnro Patented Oct. 21, 1 913,

1 s utatimileu'novmiiersaIiem; SeniaLNo. 734,235

Be it known that I, CARL WEBER, a subject of the King of Prussia, residingiat Berlin-\Vihnersd'orf, Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements'in Driving and Braking Devices, or Reieasing Devices,

lowing is a specification- My invention relates to driving and braking devices, or releasing devices, for photographic time and instantaneous shutters having a spring or weight drive for automatically releasing photographic shutters, said drive being regulated'by a flowing jet of granular material, say a jet of sand.

According to the invention 1 provide in the vessel containing the sand two chambers which are formed by a partition containing the outlets for the jet of sand, andthe two chambers alternately serve as the upper working chamber containing the outfiowing column of sand, and as the'lower receiving chamber which catches the o-utflowing jet of sand, the arrangement being such that sim= ply by swinging the vessel around,without pouring the sand back, the lower receiving chamber can be converted into 'the'upper working chamber, whereuponthe' device is at once ready for working again- In a preferred form of the invention the vessel: is divided into the two chambers by a fixedly arranged partition having the outlet for; the jet of sand, and a separate pistonis arranged to move in each of the two chambers thus 1 formed, each piston being preferably packed in its chamber. The pistons simultaneously constitute the stoppers of the vessel containing thesand or of the twochambersin the vessel. The pistons may be packed by Wash- *ers of board or felt or other suitable soft.

mziterial. The two, pistons are preferably "connected one' withth'e other'bymeans of a tube which surrounds the sand vessel andcanbe shiftedlongitudinally of the same' The sand vessel is arranged to rock about a pivot and may be mounted in a yoke whose spring-pressed or loaded displaceable plate acts on the upper working chamber of the sand vessel, or on the upper piston, or on the pipe firmly connected with this piston, so that the pistons descend under this action but arechecked by the column of sand ne ing in a fine jet or in several jets out of the upper working chamber into the lower working rhamber, and a member which is conplateof the yoke and. on the other hand with. thereleasing lever of the photographic shutter', actuates the latter in the intended manner after an adjustable predetermined time; The mechanism forv regulating the jet of nected 0nthe. one hand with the movable I v sand Works only in the vertical position, so 1 that the device, ready for working,. can be moved'out of the vertical into the horizontal position, for example, until it is Wished to start it Working. V 1

When the apparatus is: applied to a photo graphio camera, in order to beable to use it as desired for both vertical and horizontal exposures Without having to remove it from the camera, according'to one form of the invention the connecting member between the photographic. shutter and the part'of the releasing deviee moved under the infinence. of the sand vessel preferably consists of a flexible wire guided a flexible cord having one end attached to the camera and its other. end to the releasing device. In this arrangement, the sand vessel can be placed vertical: both for vertical and for horizontal exposures, thus in its working position, with-- out changing the places of attachment of the flexible hollow cord to: the camera;

The device according to my invention can .beemployed in oral-ranged for shutters of? any desired kind inphotographi c cameras 01? any desired; construetiom'a nd by means of,

this device objective ShlflttGISLOif a simple kind can be provided with al those ar rangements which are accustomed to be pro-. vided with egipensiveobjectives of special 'ma-kes.

Some embodi-entsoi the invention are represented in the accompanying drawings,- Wherein:- g

Figure 1' is an elevation, partly in section,-

nected with the shutter of a camera, and Fig,

.2 is a side elevation of the mechanism shown showing m-y improved releasingd'eviee con fied constructibn: of the deviceshown in, Fig. 7

2, and Figs; 4- and 4% are vertical sectionand side elevation, respectively, showing a regu lati ng' device for the nozzle outlet of the sand ve'ssel Figs. 5 and 6- are elevation, and

elevation partly in section,- respectively, showing a modified improved device in its" locked position for automatically opening and closing shutters, Fig. '7' 1s elevation showing the latter device in the released 0 sition, and Fig. 8 is an elevation showing a modified device for obtaining adjustable instantaneous and time exposures for shutters which suddenly open and close.

Referring firstly to Figs. 1 and 2, the main driving part consists of a cylinder a which is divided into two chambers by a partition I conically recessed on both sides. In each of the two chambers in the cylinder a is fitted a piston 0, and each of these pistons has a rod d mounted in a cap f attached to the ends of a long cylinder 9 surrounding the cylinder (11.. In the outer cylinder 9 are two slots It located opposite one another, and the inner cylinder at can be shifted relatively to the outer cylinder 9 and also relatively to the pistons 0 along guide rods 71 which enter into these slots and are attached, preferably removably, in the partition Z) of the inner cylinder at. The displacement of the pistons in the inner cylinder, or of the inner cylinder relatively to the outer cylinder is regulated and checked by a fine jet of outflowing sand which in the vertical position of the cylinder can. pass through a fine nozzle outlet is, provided in the partition 6 of the inner cylinder, out of the filled upper chamber into the empty lower chamber, whereupon the piston restmg on the column of'sand and with it the outer cylinder can descend corresponding to the diminution of sand in the upper chamber. In order to reverse the cylinder in such manner that the cylinder which is full for the time being is placed in the upper position, the cylinders can be rotated about the horizontal ends of the guide rods z'.

Fast on the upper ends of the guide rods is a yoke plate Z, while a second yoke plate m located therebelow is movable on the guide rods, and inserted between the yoke plates Z andm on the guide rods are coil springs n which press the movable yoke plate m against the upper cap f of the outer cylinder and thus load the outer cylinder and with it the pistons 0 attached thereto. In themiddle of the movable yoke plate m is'attached.

a pin 0 which passes through the upper fixed yoke plate Z, and to whose upper end is attached one end of a releasing wire p preferably guided in a spiral tube embodiment the upper end of the spiral tube 9 is provided with a clamp 1- which, as indicated, serves for attaching the entire device to the base board 8 of a photographic apparatus. The upper end of the releasing wire 12 is then, for example, suspended by means of a hook t to the releasing lever u of the objective shutter. The elastic tube connection has principally been chosen, instead of a rigid connecting wire, because this kind of connection enables convenient suspension of the device by means of the clamp 1' both in the vertical and also in the horizontal position without removal and reattachment of the device when changing from g. In this a vertical to the horizontal exposure position and reversely of the camera, and, further, enables the device to be stopped, especially before the exposure, simply by placing the cylinders of the mechanism for regulating the jet of sand horizontal. After a predetermined time, determined by the duration of the outflow of the sand from the only after the spring-pressed 1yoke plate m has descended so far, during t e descent of the brake mechanism cylinder, that the releasing wire p drawn downward with the yoke plate m has pulled the releasing lever u of the objective into the releasing position I of the objective shutter. For regulating the period within which the release is to take place, as shown in Fi 4 one of the two guide rods may be provided in its lower portion with an adjustable micrometer screw 11 whose point .projects into the nozzle outlet k of the partition 6 and whose head, formed visions indicating the uration of release, and, 1f deslred, corresponding designations. The modification shown in Fig. 3 dllfers "from that described above in that two guide rods to are attached on the movable yoke plate m; these rods pass freely t rough the upper fixed yoke plate Z and heir upper ends are connected together by a plate a in whose recess 1 on the one hand, and in a recess in the yoke plate Z, on the other hand, the push of one of the well-known wire releasing devices 2 can be inserted, in order to be able to employ these well-known wire releasing devices with my improved device.

When the device according to Fig. 3 is modified in a simple suitable manner the same can also be employed for actuating a releasing device controlled by a rubber bulb.

Figs. 5 and 6 show the connection of my improved driving and braking device for plwtographic time and instantaneous shutas a handle, is preferabl provided with diters with an automatically opening and closing contrivance forobjective shutters which open slowly. With this contrivance it is possible automatically to open the objective shutter after a predetermined time dependent on the time during which the jet of sand flows out, and automatically to close the objective shutter again after a predetermined variable time. For this purpose a tube 1 is firmly connected with the sand jet cylinder 9, constructed exactly according to Figs. 1 and 2, or with the middle ortion of the lower yoke plate m which is displaceable against the action of springs n on the guide means rods Thistube passes'fneely through the which tends to press them apart. In the lower part of the tube is" anotherspiral spring 9 which presseso'n the "lower piece of metal 7. Tothis-iower piece of met-ail ,7 is'attached the releasing wire po'f the'wire rel'easer' connected with the contrivance, and thiswireppasses freely through a bore in the upper piece of metal =6. Gu-tside the tube 1 the wire 31 is guided" for a certain distance in a wire spiral q, and this spiral Q terminates, as accordingt-o Fig." 1, in a clamp "r to be *attachedfto the-baseboard of the photographic apparatus, while the releasing'wirep terminates in "a somewhat thicker wire t running-outinto a hook to be suspended from the releasing lever of the.

objective shutter. 'The extensions-of the guide rods 2' led throu h the upper fixed yoke plate Z'are provided with screwthreads and carry adjustable abutment nuts 10 and 11. In the tensioned position of the device repre'sented'in Fig. 5 the two pieces of metal "6 and .7 are arrested against the action of the :spring"8 by angular arresting levers 12 and 13, respectively, whose hooked parts have been placed over the pins 4 and 5,

respectively. The levers 12 and 13 are fulcrumed'on thefoutside of the tube 1' and-are under the action of small wire springs, not

- shown. In the vertical position'of the device, thus when the same hangs vertically downward from the clamp r, the tube 1 moves relatively to the late Z owing to the operation, described wit reference to Fig.

1, in the interior'of the brake cylinder 9 under the 'action of the springs n,-*andconse-,

quentlylthe levers 1'2 a nd.13 suspended on the tube -1.move against the'stops 10 and 11,

and after -t.081't3.111 time dependent on the.

time during which the sand flows out of the gcyli nder :g and adjustable by adjusting the stop .10 inheight,-:this' stop lO abut-s against thefari'n of the arresting angle lever 13 within its reach and lifts the hook' of this lever from the pin 5 on the :piece of metal 7. The piece of metal 7 released thereby can then be pres ed downward by the spring 8 between the pieces of. metal 6 and 7 against the action ofthe weaker spring 9, the re-,

leasing wire p attached to the piece of metal 7 being; suddenly drawn downward with the releasing hook and the objective shutter bemg opened. The objective shutter remains open until the other stop 11 "coacts with the arm of the upper arresting angle lever.12*

which is in its reachan'd holds the pin 41 The tune of this coaction and withit the time during wh-ich the objective shutteris open can be adjusted by adjusting-the stop ll'a'nd can be read-ate scale provided suitably .on the plate Z. After the release of-the pin .t-t he two pieces of met- 11.16 and 7 coupled together move under the action of the spring 9 into their upper end 'position'shown iii-Fig. 7, in which the releasing wire" p connected with the piece of metal 7 and the hook thassuddenly released the opening lever of the objective shutter, so that-the object-Ive can return into-its closed position after the adjusted duration of exposure expired;

In-the form of myv driving and brakingmetal .16'coupled by a spring 17 with the plate. Z.- On this piece of metal '16 .isatr' tached'the releasingwire p as well-asapi-n 19 which projects outward-through a slot .18, and is held in the illustrated'position of the piecetof metal 16 by the book of an-angle lever 20. This angle lever 20 is fulcrumed on the rod 14, and the horizontal armioff the lever arrives within reach of the stop 10, adjustable according to a scale, when the plate m and rod 14 are shifted when the sand runsin'to'the braking cylinder 9. Aiter a certain adjustable-time has expired, during which the objective shutter has been opened and held open, during the descent of the plate m with the'rod 14 and-withit of the releasing wire p with the hoe-k t, the parts 20 and 101contact one :with another,

the pin 1'9'is thereby released from thehook of-the lever 20 and the piece of, metal 1 6,

carrying the pin 19,. flies up under the action of the spring 17,-whereby the'releasing wire and is attached to thepiece of metal 16 is loosened, and the objective shutter which has been opened can move into its closed position. This device is intended for sud- .denly'opening and closing objective shutters fol-obtaining adjustable instantaneous and time exposures Whereas, as already -men. tionedfthe arrangement according to Figs. 5 to 7 isinten'ded for slowly opening objective shutters for adjusting instantaneous and time exposures after a certain adjustable time.-

I-clai-inz- 1. Inaadevice of the character described for' controlling photographic shutters, thecombination with a member operatively' connected to the shutter, of a vessel containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel 111 60 two chambers, said partitionhaving an outletrfor the sand from one chamber to the other, ,means movable in the vessel and controlled by-the sand flowing from one cham- -p which has'until now been held tensioned her into the other, and a member attached to the former member and controlledby said means, said means being returnable into operative relation with the latter member, after the sand has flowed from one chamber to another, without removing the sand into the other chamber.

2. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the combination with a member operatively connected to the shutter, of a vessel containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel into two chambers, said partition having an outlet for the sand from one chamber to the other, a piston in each chamber, means rotatably carrying said vessel, and a spring-pressed member slidable on said means, adapted to be controlled by the pistons in turn and attached to the former member.

3. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the combination with a member operatively connected to the shutter, of'a vessel containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel into two chambers, said partition having an outlet for the sand from one chamber to the other, a piston "mov able in each chamber, means -rotatably. carrying said vessel, and a spring pressed member slidable on sald means,

adapted to be controlled by the pistons in turn and attached to the former member, each piston constituting a stopper of the chamber in which it is movable.

4. In a device of the character described for controlling photograph shutters, the combination with a member operatively connected to the shutter, of a vessel containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel into two chambers, said partition having an outlet for the sand from one chamber to the other, a piston in each chamber, means connecting'together the two pistons, means ropressed member' slidable on said means, adapted to be controlled by the pistons in turn and attached to the former member.

5. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the combination with a member operatively connected to the shutter, of a vessel containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel into two chambers, said partition having an outlet pistons in turn and attached to the former member.

6. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the

combination with a member operatively connected to the shutter of a vessel containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel into two rotation of, the vessel passing through said partition.

7. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the combination with a member operatively connected to the shutter, of a vessel containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel into two chambers, said partition having "an outlet for the sand from one chamber to the other, a piston in each chamber, a cylinder surrounding said vessel and connecting together the said pistons, means comprising a yoke and two rods attached at one end thereto rotatably carrying said vessel'at their other ends, and a plate movable on said rods, normally spring-pressed against one end of said cylinder, and attached to said member. 4

8. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the combination-with a member operatively con nected to the shutter, of a vessel containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel into two chambers, said partition having an-outlet for the sand from one chamber to the other, a piston in each chamber,- a cylinder surrounding said vessel and connecting together the said pistons, means comprising a yoke and two rods attached at one end thereto, aregulating screw carried by the other end of one rod and projecting into said outlet, said vessel being rotatably carried by said screw and by the other end of the other rod, and a plate movable on said rods, normally spring-pressed against one end of said cylinder, and attached to said member.

9. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the

combination with a wire operatively connected to the shutter, of a vessel-containing sand, a partition dividing the vessel intotwo chambers, said partition having an outlet for the sand from one chamber to the other, a piston in each chamber, a cylinder surrounding said vessel and connecting together the said pistons, means comprising a yoke and two rods attached at one end thereto rotatably carrying said vessel at their other ends, a tube surrounding said wire and at-' tached to said. yoke, and a plate movable on said rods, normally spring-pressed against one end of said cylinder, and attached to said Wire. 7 l

10. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the

' combination with .a wire having one end operatively connected to the shutter, a member attached to the other end of the wire, of a vessel c'ontammg sand,a partition dividing the vessel into two chambers, said partition having an outlet for the sand from one chamber to the other, a piston in each chamber, a cylinder surrounding said vessel and connecting' together the said pistons, means comprising a yoke and two rods attached at one end'thereto rotatably carrying said vessel at their other ends, a plate movable along said rods and normally spring-pressed against one end of said cylinder, and a yoke carried by said plate and adapted to hold said member between itself and the former yoke.

'11. In a device of the character described for controlling photographic shutters, the combination with a wire having one end operatively connected to the shutter, a cord surrounding the wire, a slottedtube having one end attached to the cord, a piece of metal movable in the tube and attached to the other end of the wire, a pin carried by the piece of metal and projecting out of the slot in the tube, an angle lever fulcrumed on the tube and having one arm normally engaging said pin, a yoke carrying the other end of the tube, a stop adjustably carried by the yoke and adapted to coact with the other arm of the angle lever and release the pin from the former arm, and a spring normally compressed between the piece of metal and the yoke, of a vessel containing sand, a perforated partition dividing the vessel into two chambers, a piston in each chamber, two rods attached to said yoke and rotatably carrying said vessel, a cylinder surrounding and longitudinally of the vessel,

a plate movable along said rods and normally resting against one end of the cylin- "der, and, springs surrounding said rods tending to push said yoke and said plate apart. In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' CARL WEBER.

Witnesses:

HENRY HASPER, VVOLDEMAR HAUPT. 

